The Life Extension Editorial Staff
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 Although the majority of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections will not lead to cancer, researchers at Saint Louis University (SLU) published that a percentage of women who are infected with a specific type of HPV (Type 16) ultimately increase their risk of cervical cancer. SLU researchers state that persistent HPV infection increases a woman's risk of cervical cancer 40-fold. It is estimated that up to 40 million Americans have one of the ten HPV strains; persons infected worldwide number untold millions (SLU 1998; Reuters 2002). |
| Other women have weakened immune systems, particularly women who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV has been implicated as the primary cause of 90% of cervical cancers (NCI 2001). Many other women are at higher risk as a result of their lifestyle choices: smoking, use of oral contraceptives, multiple sex partners, nutritional vitamin and mineral deficiencies, stress, and poor dietary habits (Slattery et al. 1990; Liu et al. 1995; ACS 2001; Moore et al. 2001). |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
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 Genital warts, which are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), have been associated with squamous cell carcinomas of the genital organs.
The synthetic analogues etoposide and teniposide block the cell cycle in two specific places: between the last cell division and the start of DNA replication (the Gl-phase) and at the beginning of DNA replication (the S-phase). However, researchers do not yet have a clear understanding of how the compounds exert this effect. |
Janet Zand, LAc, OMD, Allan N. Spreed, MD, CNC, James B. LaValle, RPh, ND
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 A vaccine against human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted infection associated with cervical cancer, is currently undergoing testing. If it proves to be safe and effective, it should offer a measure of protection against this disease.
Calluses
See CORNS AND CALLUSES.
Candida Infection
Candida albicans is a common yeast that lives in the mouth, the digestive system, the genital tract, and the skin. It is usually a rather lazy, noninvasive sugar-loving organism—just one of the many tiny creatures that normally live within the human body without causing too many problems. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Many cervical dysplasias form in response to infection with certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus that causes genital warts. While women who have had multiple sex partners have the highest rates of cervical cancer (as do those who begin sexual relations early in life), even women who are in lifelong monogamous relationships can develop the disease. For reasons that are not clear, there is a relatively high rate of cervical cancer among Native American women. |
| Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is highly contagious and which increases risk of bladder and cervical cancer in women and penile and rectal cancer in men.
Plantar warts, found on the bottom of the feet, have a soft center surrounded by rough rings, and a rough, corrugated surface. They may contain little black dots, which are bits of coagulated blood. Because the entire weight of the body is placed on the feet every day, plantar warts often become inflamed and painful. Like genital warts, they are caused by HPV. |
The Editors of Prevention Magazine Health Books
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 What blocks the cervix's return to normal?"
"Human papillomavirus (HPV), in combination with other genetic and environmental factors such as cigarette smoke, is believed to be the main cause of cervical cancer," says Dr. Potischman. But there may also be nutritional factors that affect whether dysplastic cells return to normal. Based on what she has seen so far, says Dr. Potischman, "it may be that vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene and other carotenoids play parts in whether your cervix returns to normal. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
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 Viruses Two classes of virus are currently suspected of playing a causative role in cervical cancer as well as cervical dysplasia: Herpes simplex Type II (HSV-II) and the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the virus that causes venereal warts (Condyloma acuminata) and is the most likely culprit in many cases of cervical dysplasia. There are over forty-five different strains of HPV, and one strain in particular appears to be a major cause of cervical dysplasia. HPV16 has been found in ninety percent of all cervical cancers and fifty to seventy percent of all cases of cervical dysplasia. |
Bill Gottlieb
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 This virus is widespread in cows and is closely related to the human papillomavirus that is linked to cervical cancer in humans.
PROFESSIONAL CARE
Caution: Cancer is a complex and life-threatening disease that requires professional medical care. Some alternative remedies may actually worsen cancer if they are not used appropriately. Therefore, use the alternative remedies discussed in this chapter only as part of a cancer treatment program that is guided and monitored by a qualified physician who is experienced in cancer care and alternative medicine. |
The Editors of Prevention Magazine Health Books
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| In a study at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, researchers found that women whose cervical cells were loaded with folate (the naturally occurring form of folic acid) were two to five times less likely than women with low folate levels to develop cervical dysplasia when exposed to various risk factors such as cigarette smoke, the human papillomavirus, contraceptives and childbirth. (Cervical dysplasia is a condition involving the development of abnormal cells in the cervix. This condition can progress to cancer in some women. |
the Editors of PREVENTION
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 Cause: Warts can be caused by any one of the more than 60 types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus enters the skin through tiny breaks and can be transmitted by direct contact with another person or with a piece of skin shed from a wart. Nongenital warts are only mildly contagious. Just as some people are more likely than others to catch a cold virus, some people contract HPV more easily than others. People with weakened immune systems have a higher risk for developing persistent warts. And, contrary to traditional belief, you cannot get them from handling frogs or toads. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
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| Low levels of folic acid in the red blood cells have been shown to enhance the effect of the other risk factors for cervical dysplasia, especially human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In other words, low red blood cell folate appears to be a major risk factor for HPV infection of the cervix.23-24 Conversely, when folic acid status within the cells of the cervix is high, HPV does not infect the cells.
Folic acid supplementation (10 mg per day) has resulted in improvement or normalization of Pap smears in patients with cervical dysplasia in placebo-controlled25 and clinical studies. |
Ronald L. Hoffman, M.D.
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 She is the recipient of the fruits of the sexual revolution, which include a higher incidence of herpes infections and human papillomavirus.
• She may have been taking birth control pills.
• She may consciously defer pregnancy to a later age, with hormonal consequences.
• Chemical sensitivity is another problem: she's been exposed to more chemicals than were previous generations of women. We tend to think of chemical exposure and sensitivity as affecting primarily the nasal passages, the superficial skin, and the lungs, but vaginal tissue is an ideal target organ for chemical sensitivity. |
Kathi Keville
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 GENITAL WARTS
Like other warts, genital warts are caused by a virus—the human papillomavirus (HPV), to be exact. A different breed from the common skin wart, genital warts usually grow in raised, bumpy clumps that resemble a cauliflower. At first, they're difficult to detect, but a vinegar wash makes them more obvious. If you suspect that you have warts, soak a cloth with a mixture of one-quarter vinegar and three-quarters water and apply it to the affected area. After two minutes, genital warts usually turn white on top. But don't take any chances with your health. |
Nicola Reavley
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 They also assessed the impact of factors such as smoking, oral contraceptive use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and number of sexual partners. The results showed that at low folate levels the risk of dysplasia caused by HPV infection was increased.65
Supplements
Folic acid supplements can help to reduce the risk of cancerous changes in several areas such as the cervix, lung and gastrointestinal tract. In a 1997 study, researchers at the Cleveland Clinic investigated the links between folate supplements and cancerous changes in 98 patients with ulcerative colitis. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2Michael T. Murray, ND
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| Viruses
Two classes of virus are currently suspected of playing a causative role in cervical cancer: herpes simplex type II (HSV-II) and the human papillomavirus (HPV). The relationship between HSV-II and cervical cancer has been demonstrated in many studies, using a variety of methods:
• In one study, 23% of women with herpes infection had cervical dysplasia or cancer, compared with 2.6% of those without infection.
• HSV-II antibody titers are significantly higher in women with cervical cancer or dysplasia than in controls. |
| Low red blood cell folate status has been shown to enhance the effect of the other risk factors for cervical dysplasia, especially human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In other words, low RBC folate appears to be a major risk factor for HPV infection of the cervix.27,28
Folic acid supplementation (10 mg/day) has resulted in improvement or normalization of cytological smears in patients with cervical dysplasia in controlled clinical studies.24,27,28 Regression rates for patients with untreated cervical dysplasia are typically 1.3% for mild and 0% for moderate dysplasia. |
| A longitudinal analysis of human papillomavirus 16 infection, nutritional status, and cervical dysplasia progression. |
Michael Castleman
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 Folic acid appears to offer some protection against cervical cancer because it reduces risk of infection by the human papillomavirus, according to C. E. Sutterworth, Jr., M.D., professor in the Department of Nutrition Sciences at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. This virus is strongly associated with cervical cancer.
Colon cancer. Researchers have been following the diets of 26,000 health professionals for many years. They've discovered a link between colon cancer risk and folic acid consumption. |
Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D.
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 Such deficiency was said to "enhance the effect of other risk factors" and particularly that of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a known cause of cervical cancer (7). Thus, although a lack of folate may not be cancer-causing in itself, deficient cells are more susceptible to the effects of carcinogens (8). Chinese scientists noted that dysplastic changes in women's cervical cells cleared up after they were given folate supplements (9).
Nicotinamide: A large single dose of another B vitamin, nicotinamide, enhanced the cancer cell-killing ability of the conventional drug, L-PAM. |
Dr. Cass Ingram
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 Warts
Warts are caused by a virus known as the human papillomavirus. Wart viruses are inciting epidemics, which remain largely incurable through modern medicine. The wart viruses are difficult to kill and if destroyed superficially, tend to regenerate. Amazingly, there are over 60 different wart viruses.
Wart viruses can grow virtually everywhere but they have a particular propensity for attacking the skin and genitals. They may also invade the mouth, anus, and rectum.
Warts may be a sign of nutritional deficiency, because certain nutrients are required to maintain anti-viral defenses. |
Nicola Reavley
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| They also assessed the impact of factors such as smoking, oral contraceptive use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and number of sexual partners. The results showed that at low folate levels the risk of dysplasia caused by HPV infection was increased.15
Other symptoms
Low folic acid may also contribute to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, constipation, cataracts, headaches and infertility.
Sources
The best sources of folate are liver, brewer's yeast and dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. |
Linda B. White, M.D.
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 Rather, these unsightly, embarrassing growths are caused by the human papillomavirus. Some 75 strains of this virus exist. Various strains can cause common warts, plantar warts, and plane warts.
Common warts usually grow on the hands, but they can also turn up on the feet, face, and neck. Plantar warts, on the other hand, occur on the soles of the feet and can cause pain. Plane or flat warts grow in clumps and usually occur on the face. They're flesh-colored, and as their name implies, flat.
Doctors sometimes deal with warts by destroying them or removing them surgically. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
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 It is now known that the human papillomavirus (HPV), also the cause of genital warts, is the major cause of cervical dysplasia.
Nutritional Supplements That May Be Helpful
Women with cervical dysplasia may have lower blood levels of beta-carotene (p. 268) and vitamin E (p. 344) compared to healthy women.1 Low levels of selenium (p. 331)2 and low dietary intake of vitamin C (p. 341)3 have also been observed in women with cervical dysplasia. Women with a low intake of vitamin A (p. 336) have an increased risk of abnormal Pap smear. |
Ronald L. Hoffman, M.D.
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| A somewhat less ominous threat is the risk of the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus, or HPV, the major cause in women of cervical cancer. It is the reason women have the Pap smear test, named after Dr. George Papanicolaou, who invented it. The same virus can infect men and can exist on male genitals in the form of venereal warts. They may either be visible to the eye or be microscopic warts that are hard to detect. It's actually possible to examine the male genitals with a colposcope, which is usually used with women to examine the cervix. |
Doug Dollemore, Mark Giuliucci and the Editors of Men's Health Magazine
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 This STD is caused by the human papillomavirus, some types of which have been linked to cancer of the penis and anus. There is no cure, although the warts can be removed surgically or burned or frozen off. Recurrences are common, however.
Hepatitis B. This disease can lead to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer. Up to 200,000 cases are reported annually, despite the fact that it is the only STD that is preventable through vaccination. |
James Trefil
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 One important clinical trial of antisense techniques targets RNA that codes for a protein that is crucial in the reproduction of the human papillomavirus (the virus responsible for genital warts). Without this protein, the virus cannot reproduce and hence cannot spread within the body. If the clinical trials are successful, this drug will probably be the first of the new magic bullets to reach the commercial market. Other tests are under way for drugs to combat AIDS and a form of leukemia. |
Linda B. White, M.D.
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| Drug treatment
No known drugs can eliminate the human papillomavirus. The warts themselves can be removed by freezing, surgery, laser or electric burning, or toxic chemicals. And they recur in up to 75 percent of cases. up to three 500- to 600-milligram capsules per day (look for at least 5,000 micrograms of allicin per day).
St.-John's-Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Well-known for its usefulness in treating mild to moderate depression, this herb is also antiviral. It's known to help in cases of herpes, so it's worth a try with genital warts. |
| One study found that women with cervical dysplasia are six times more likely than other women to be infected with the human papillomavirus, the same virus that causes genital warts. Dysplasia is also promoted by herpes simplex type II, the virus that causes genital herpes. Dysplasia is two to three times more likely to occur in women who smoke cigarettes. When smokers get it, it's often more severe.
Many women with dysplasia have a deficiency of folic acid, a part of the vitamin B complex. Folic acid also tends to be low among women who take oral contraceptives or drink heavily. |
Nicola Reavley
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| These include viral infections such as herpes simplex and human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, lowered immunity and oral contraceptive use. Lower socio-economic status, multiple sexual partners and early age of first intercourse also increase the risks.
Regular gynecological examination decreases cervical cancer mortality as cervical dysplasia can be caught in the early stages before it progresses to cancer. This examination, known as a Pap test, can accurately detect up to 90 per cent of cervical cancers, even before symptoms develop. |
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